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How to Size a Pneumatic Actuator

Getting the sizing right the first time avoids an oversized, wasteful actuator - or worse, one that stalls under load.

Sizing a pneumatic actuator to a valve comes down to four inputs: the valve's required operating torque, the air pressure actually available at the actuator, the fail-safe behaviour needed, and how often the valve cycles.

The sizing process

1

Get the valve's torque requirement

The valve manufacturer specifies break-to-open, running and end-of-travel torque figures - usually in Nm. Use the highest of these (typically break-to-open) as your baseline.

2

Confirm the actual available air pressure

Don't assume the nameplate rating - measure or confirm the pressure actually reaching the actuator at the installation point, since line losses reduce it below the compressor's output.

3

Apply a safety margin

A safety factor of roughly 1.25–1.5× the valve's required torque is standard practice, to cover friction increase over time, seat wear and any spec uncertainty.

4

Decide fail-safe behaviour

If the application needs a defined position on air loss, choose single-acting (spring-return) and confirm the actuator's spring-end torque still clears the valve requirement at the worst-case (lowest) pressure. If not, double-acting is usually more economical.

5

Check duty cycle and life rating

High-frequency cycling applications (e.g. curing presses) need an actuator rated for the expected cycle count - ask for the manufacturer's rated cycle life, not just the torque curve.

Work out the figure to specify

Required actuator torque = valve break torque x safety factor. A factor of 1.25 to 1.5 is normal practice, covering friction increase over time, seat wear and spec uncertainty. The actuator must deliver that figure at your available supply pressure, not at its headline rating. The Duncan double-acting range runs DA 40 to DA 300, with the largest rated up to 1900 Nm at 8 bar.

Required actuator torque is the valve break torque multiplied by a safety factor - 1.25 to 1.5 is normal practice, covering friction increase over time, seat wear and uncertainty in the quoted valve figure. The actuator has to deliver that torque at the supply pressure actually available on site, not at its headline rating, which is why a unit sized at 8 bar can be undersized on a 5 bar line.

Frequently asked

What torque unit do actuator and valve manufacturers use?

Nm (Newton-metres) is standard internationally; some older or US-sourced documentation uses lb-in or lb-ft - convert carefully, as a unit mismatch is a common sizing error.

Can you size an actuator for me?

Yes - send the valve's torque data (or the valve make/model/size) plus your available air pressure and fail-safe requirement, and we'll confirm the correct actuator size.

Related

Have valve torque data to size against?

Send it over and we'll confirm the right actuator.